Local Multi-Sectoral Analysis of the Triple Bottom Line Impact of Community-Based Tourism DevelopmentIn the Province of Isabela

Abstract

Community-based tourism (CBT) is a vital approach to sustainable local development, integrating sociocultural preservation, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. This study assessed the impact of CBT on the triple bottom line (TBL) in the Municipality of Ramon, Province of Isabela, using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires from key stakeholders, including local government unit (LGU) officials, civil society organizations (CSOs), and tourists, while qualitative interviews provided deeper insights to complement the survey results. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and thematic analysis. Findings demonstrated that CBT significantly benefits sociocultural, economic, and environmental dimensions, underscoring its role in sustainable development. Differences among stakeholders were significant only in economic perceptions; sociocultural and environmental views were consistent across groups. Qualitative analysis revealed five core themes: community participation and collaboration, cultural and local identity preservation, economic opportunities and livelihoods, environmental stewardship, and the need for enhanced institutional support. Stakeholders identified challenges such as limited funding, inadequate tourism promotion, environmental management issues, and weak institutional coordination that hinder tourism sustainability. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings informed a proposed institutional framework emphasizing collaborative governance, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and sustainable resource management. The study concludes that strengthening institutional support and fostering multi stakeholder collaboration are essential to securing the long-term sustainability and resilience of CBT in the Municipality of Ramon, Province of Isabela.