An Analysis of Trends and Contributing Factors to Road Crashes in Zamboanga City:Basis for Road Safety Policy

Abstract

Road crashes are a global concern, resulting in over 1.2 million deaths annually and 50 million injuries (WHO, 2009). In Zamboanga City, crashes from 2018 to 2022 show significant behavioral, infrastructural, and environmental challenges. While overall incidents declined from 2,252 in 2018 to 838 in 2022 due to stricter regulations and reduced vehicular mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, crashes remain frequent during peak hours and in high-risk zones like Veterans Avenue and the Maria Clara Lobregat National Highway. Young male drivers aged 18–25 were disproportionately involved, with over-speeding, distracted driving, and driving under the influence identified as primary causes. Infrastructure deficiencies, including poorly maintained roads, faded markings, and inadequate lighting, and environmental factors like heavy rainfall, exacerbate these risks. Enforcement gaps, such as insufficient use of speed cameras and breathalyzers, further hinder compliance. This study proposes a Road Safety Response Framework with five components: enhanced traffic enforcement through modern tools and stricter penalties; infrastructure improvements, including better lighting and pedestrian-friendly features; targeted public awareness campaigns; technology-driven solutions like AI-powered analytics; and multi-sector collaboration involving government, NGOs, and private organizations. This evidence-based framework aims to mitigate risks and improve road safety outcomes. Aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 3 and 11, this study provides actionable strategies for policymakers and urban planners to reduce crashes and foster safer transportation systems. By addressing behavioral, infrastructural, and systemic factors, this research offers a model for sustainable urban road safety governance in Zamboanga City and similar contexts.