An Integrated Approach to Flood Risk Governance in Barangay Tugbungan, Zamboanga City: Planning, Policy and Community-Based Adaptation

Abstract

Flooding remains a chronic urban hazard in the Philippines, driven by inadequate drainage, accelerated urbanization, and climate change, and increasingly recognized as a governance challenge requiring integrated policy, planning, and community-based adaptation. This study examines flood risk governance in Barangay Tugbungan, Zamboanga City—an urban barangay experiencing recurrent flooding that disrupts livelihoods, mobility, and community safety. Anchored in Systems Theory, Adaptive Governance Theory, and Community-Based Adaptation (CBA), the research develops and tests an integrated framework linking (1) flood risk management planning, (2) policy and institutional implementation, and (3) household/community adaptation practices. Using a mixed-methods case study with an explanatory sequential and participatory orientation, data were gathered through household surveys (N = 30) and semi-structured interviews, complemented by document review and thematic analysis of qualitative responses. Descriptive results indicate moderate-to-high awareness of preparedness measures, strongest in knowledge of evacuation centers and routes, and moderately positive perceptions of early warning systems. However, clarity of disaster preparedness plans and the regularity/visibility of flood drills show weaker or uncertain ratings, indicating uneven institutional communication and preparedness routines. Flood exposure is universal among respondents within the last three years, with frequent flooding attributed primarily to river overflow and heavy rainfall, compounded by clogged waterways, poor drainage, and waste management issues. Governance perceptions are cautiously positive regarding the presence of barangay policies and coordination with city DRRM offices, but respondents’ express uncertainty about disaster fund utilization and dissatisfaction with infrastructure maintenance. Qualitative findings further highlight delayed or uneven aid distribution, health and sanitation risks, and evacuation constraints, alongside strong informal social support among neighbors. The study proposes an Integrated Flood Governance Framework organized around resilient infrastructure and environmental management, responsive and equitable disaster management, community empowerment and capacity building, and accountable, aligned governance. Aligning with SDGs 11, 13, and 16, the framework emphasizes transparency, routine maintenance, strengthened volunteerism, and sustained multi-level coordination to advance inclusive and durable flood resilience in Barangay Tugbungan.